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Application Envisioning idea
J6.

Knowledge work often involves established, commonly shared genres of communication that play important roles in work activities and organizational memory. Product teams can envision functionality concepts that could provide workers with opportunities to offload some or all of the effort of creating, distributing, and interpreting these standard forms.

Examples from three knowledge work domains:
(Illustrated above) A financial trader selects a deal in his trading application that he just made in error, then chooses an option to send a cancellation notice to his counterparty. The application generates a standard message with all of the necessary information to cancel the trade, and he adds a personal note to apologize for his miscalculation before sending it off.
An architect wants a drawing of a building’s proposed north elevation to show her client. She instructs her building modeling application to automatically export a conventional elevation drawing based on a template that her studio has designed for this type of output.
A scientist exports a canned report from her laboratory information management application. The compact, shareable document contains a set of standard data
representations for a single clinical sample.
Knowledge workers often create conventional, expected discourse forms that can ease the communication burdens placed on both senders and receivers. From the perspective of individuals creating and distributing a communication, standard formats can scope the content of a fully formed message, shape the presentation of included content (F2), and define message recipients (A2, G7). From the receiver’s perspective, conventional discourse forms can aid in interpretation and invoke specific understandings around a sender’s intended purpose and meanings.
Depending on just how standard these established forms of communication are, product teams can envision functionality concepts that could valuably offload some or all of the effort (E3, E4) of creating, distributing (C4), and interpreting certain types of messages. There may also be opportunities to systematically improve the quality of specific message types through standardization (L1).
When product teams do not actively consider potential streamlining of standard communications in their application concepts, opportunities to support common discourse needs in knowledge work can be lost. When the intents behind these standard formats are not adequately supported, resulting applications can create communication fissures in targeted activities. Individuals and organizations may perceive these fissures as product deficiencies that overlook key opportunities to improve work efficiency and outcomes (D2, D3, K3).
Conversely, any standardization and automation of communication can carry certain risks and stifling drawbacks. Preformatted outputs may force the inclusion of some types of information, exclude needed categories of content, and constrain representation in unwanted ways (F, L1).
See also: A, B, C8, E, H1, H4, I1, I7, J

Application Envisioning questions:
What standard communication formats are currently used in the knowledge work practices that your team is striving to mediate? What functionality concepts might your team envision to valuably automate and enhance the standardized portions of these communication tasks while still providing desirable levels of expressiveness and control?
More specific questions for product teams to consider:
How standard, in reality, are the conventional communications that are currently used within targeted organizations? Which are not very standard at all — from the rationalizing perspective of a product team defining a new computing tool?
How do targeted individuals use highly defined types of communication in their
own operations, tasks, and larger activities?
What goals can trigger workers to create these communication forms? Who are
they sent to? How frequent are different cases?
Do workers typically create these formal communications to ensure their persistence in organizational memory, or do people actually value how these formats can shape the scope and the content of their exchanges?
Who defined the standard formats that are currently in use? Have there been
both top down and bottom up sources of standardization?
How have these schemes evolved into their present states over time?
What improvements might your team envision to enhance the usefulness and clarity of existing formats?
What functionality concepts might you sketch to support workers as they seek to offload effort that would otherwise be needed to create, distribute, and interpret high volume and consistently formatted communications?
Where in your team’s models of work mediation might you identify new opportunities for valuable, largely automated standardization of communication outputs?
What flexibility might workers want in order to tailor standard communications to meet their local and situational goals? What options could allow them to informally annotate otherwise formal outputs?
Which contexts within your application concepts could valuably present clear and direct pathways for interactively creating defined communications?
Do you have enough information to usefully answer these and other envisioning questions? What additional research, problem space models, and design concepting could valuably inform your team’s application envisioning efforts?
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