Application Envisioning idea
G3.

Computing tools can prevent certain harmful effects of human error in specific knowledge work operations and larger tasks. Product teams can attempt to adhere to their own, internally consistent conventions across their sketched functionality concepts in order to eliminate the ability to commit certain errors, confirm workers’ intentions, and handle problems when they occur.

Examples from three knowledge work domains:
(Illustrated above) An architect uses her building modeling application to change the attributes of a material used throughout a developing design. To confirm that she wants to make the extensive change, the application presents her with a total count of building
elements that would be modified. After she has applied the change across the model, a number of areas have error symbols attached to them, indicating where building codes may now be violated.
A scientist lowers a threshold in her analysis application to the lowest value that the underlying analysis algorithm will allow. This interactive constraint implicitly prevents her from making an error by removing the opportunity to drop the threshold so far as to make the analysis invalid.
A financial trader adds one too many zeros to a number of shares in his trading application. The tool rapidly informs him that there is insufficient quantity in the organization’s holdings to complete the transaction.
Individual actions in knowledge work can present certain dispositions for people to commit errors. Onscreen applications can reduce the incidence of some of these existing cases while at the same time introducing new error possibilities.
Product teams can investigate and identify potential cases of human error in their sketched concepts for mediating operations, tasks, or larger activities (A). Identified
error cases can often be prevented or eliminated through mindful iteration of a product’s behavioral constraints or by providing workers opportunities to implicitly cross check their own actions. For those error cases that cannot effectively be “designed out” of refined functionality concepts (C2, C3, K5), teams can apply their own internally consistent conventions for error prevention and handling (C9). Even when the constraints of unique error cases require novel error management solutions, teams can seek to maintain meaningful family resemblances with their tools’ larger standards.
When product teams do not actively consider how damaging error cases could be usefully removed or managed within key interactions in their concepts for mediating work, resulting products may present workers with unexpected and unwanted outcomes that are difficult to recover from (H2, H3). Poor error prevention and unsatisfactory messaging can become a common complaint in onscreen tools for knowledge work (M1). Workers’ perceptions of product quality and utility may also decline (K12) as they are driven to adopt defensive work arounds, such as active versioning (H1).
Conversely, too much emphasis on error prevention can be distracting (D3, D4), feel controlling, or lead to a lack of desirable flexibility (A4, A9).
See also: C10, D7, E3, G, J4, J5, K2, K6, K7, M3

Application Envisioning questions:
Looking within the central functionalities that your team has envisioned, what error cases could present key problems in targeted work practices? How might your team use constraints in interactive behaviors, consistent patterns and conventions, or tailored design solutions to prevent and handle these concrete situations?
More specific questions for product teams to consider:
What error scenarios are targeted individuals currently concerned with in the operations, tasks, and larger activities that your team is striving to mediate? Why?
How do they currently prevent and handle these errors? Could these situations present opportunities for your product?
What key error cases could arise as part of specific interactions within your team’s functionality concepts? What important new cases might the abstraction of interactive computing introduce?
How might you categorize the severity of each error case that you have identified? Which could lead to loss of information, unrecognized and problematic outcomes, compromised security, or collaborative conflict?
What larger design and technology trends could influence your ideas about preventing and handling classes of errors within your computing tool’s various interaction offerings?
Especially for potentially serious cases, how might your team redesign your sketched functionality concepts in order to effectively remove the possibility for errors?
What cross checks could allow workers to actively prevent errors on their own behalf?
How might the larger error prevention and handing conventions you have envisioned for your application concepts apply to specific error cases?
Could any individual error cases benefit from or require novel error management solutions that fall outside of your internally consistent, top down patterns? How might these solutions reference the aesthetics and tone of your larger standards?
Where could recovery from errors be supported solely through undo functionality, rather than more attention demanding methods?
Where might constraining or frequent interactions with error prevention and handling features frustratingly conflict with common or local needs in work practices?
Do you have enough information to usefully answer these and other envisioning questions? What additional research, problem space models, and design concepting could valuably inform your team’s application envisioning efforts?
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